在Rails中,我們可以通過(guò)MongoMapper使用MongoDB數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),下面是武林技術(shù)頻道小編介紹的Ruby on Rails框架程序連接MongoDB的教程,需要的朋友可以關(guān)注下文詳細(xì)了解!
1.創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目
創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目時(shí)不再使用rails active_record支持
rails new todo -O
2.我們將要使用MongoMapper來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)MongoDB到Rails
編輯GemFile,增加下面的內(nèi)容
gem"mongo_mapper"
然后? 執(zhí)行 bundle install 安裝gem
bundle install
3.添加數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)鏈接
在config/initializer下面新建一個(gè)mongo.rb文件,指定全局的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)信息:
ruby;">MongoMapper.connection = Mongo::Connection.new('localhost', 27017)MongoMapper.database ='todo'#通過(guò)指定Rails運(yùn)行環(huán)境參數(shù),我們可以在不同的運(yùn)行環(huán)境下創(chuàng)建互不干擾的數(shù)據(jù),為了簡(jiǎn)單起見(jiàn),沒(méi)有為不同的環(huán)境指定不同的數(shù)據(jù)
if defined?(PhusionPassenger) PhusionPassenger.on_event(:starting_worker_process)do|forked| MongoMapper.connection.connectifforked endend
完成以上步驟后,啟動(dòng)程序:
$ rails server
**Notice: C extension not loaded. This is required for optimum MongoDB Ruby driver performance.You can install the extension as follows:
gem install bson_ext
If you continue to receive this message after installing, make sure that thebson_ext gem is in your load path and that the bson_ext and mongo gems are of the same version.=> Booting WEBrick=> Rails 3.0.10 application starting in development on http://0.0.0.0:3000=> Call with -d to detach=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server[2011-10-19 23:36:14] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1[2011-10-19 23:36:14] INFO ruby 1.9.2 (2011-07-09) [x86_64-linux][2011-10-19 23:36:14] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=19595 port=3000
從上面輸出中可以看到bson_ext庫(kù)沒(méi)有加載。按照提示安裝該庫(kù)即可(別忘了在gemfile中添加gem):
再次啟動(dòng)程序,Notice提示消息消失,啟動(dòng)正常。在瀏覽器輸入:http://127.0.0.1:3000,就可以看到如下頁(yè)面
4.添加頁(yè)面和處理邏輯
通過(guò)rails的generate命令來(lái)生成頁(yè)面、控制器和模型層文件(個(gè)人還是喜歡自己手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建,這里為了演示方便)
rails generate scaffold project name:string --orm=mongo_mapper
由于我們使用mongo作為數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。那么,我們需要把ActiveRecord的model,改成MongoMapper的類型,也就是把繼承關(guān)系從ActiveRecord::Base變成MongoMapper::Document。我們使用key這個(gè)方法標(biāo)明該MongoMapper的字段屬性。我們的屬性是name,再加上這個(gè)字段的類型String,那么定義如下:
classProject include MongoMapper::Document key:name,Stringend
通過(guò)以上的修改,我們就已經(jīng)擁有了所有添加,更新,刪除和列表的操作
5.數(shù)據(jù)查看
可以通過(guò)命令mongo進(jìn)入mongodb數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的查詢
mongo //進(jìn)入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)use todo //切換庫(kù)db.projects.find() //執(zhí)行查詢
MongoMapper和ActiveRecord是完全相同的。甚至,MongoMapper還是支持ActiveRecord的驗(yàn)證方式如下
validates_presence_of:name
由于MongoDB沒(méi)有schema-less(數(shù)據(jù)版本記錄)我們可以非常容易的添加和更改model的屬性,而不需要執(zhí)行任何migrations的操作。比如,我們需要添加一個(gè)priority的屬性,我們僅僅需要的是修改Project model如下:
classProject include MongoMapper::Document key:name,String,:required=>true key:priority,Integerend
表之間的關(guān)聯(lián)對(duì)于MongoDB這里稍微有點(diǎn)區(qū)別,我們需要ObjectId類型來(lái)存儲(chǔ)所有id。
至于,處理不同表之前的關(guān)聯(lián),我們可以像ActiveRecord一樣定義belongs_to,當(dāng)然,稍微有點(diǎn)不同,在Project中我們需要定義has_many :tasks,在MongoMapper中需要用many代替。
我目前也就做到這里。有時(shí)間再去深入研究其他的功能。
PS:Ruby編寫(xiě)MongoDB備份腳本(fsync & lock)
#!/usr/local/bin/ruby# date: 06-12-2014# auther: lucifer# use fsync and lock to the file-system before backup the file-system# mongo-ruby-driver version > 1.10.0require 'mongo'require 'fileutils'require 'date'include Mongoinclude BSON# the members of replcation-set# test mongodb server version 2.6.0# host = "192.168.11.51"# The port of members# If the port is 27017 by default then otherport don't need to assignment# otherport = ""# port = otherport.length != 0 ? otherport : MongoClient::DEFAULT_PORT# opts = {:pool_size => 5, :pool_timeout => 10}# Create a new connection# client = MongoClient.new(host, port, opts)uri_string = "mongodb://caoqing:xxxxxxxx@x.x.x.x:27017/admin"client = MongoClient.from_uri(uri = "#{uri_string}")db = client['admin']# fsync and lock the databasecmd = OrderedHash.newcmd[:fsync] = 1cmd[:lock] = true# p cmddb.command(cmd)# datafile pathd = "/var/lib/mongo"# dir = Dir.new("#6awe2wmou")# entries = dir.entries# entries.delete_if { |entry| entry =~ /^/./}# convert the relative path to the full path# entries.map! { |entry| File.join(dir.path, entry) }# maintain only the type of file# entries.delete_if { |entry| !File.file?(entry) }# p entriesstart = Date.today.to_sprev = (Date.today - 7).to_sdest = "/backup/#{start}"sour = "/backup/#{prev}"FileUtils.rm_rf("#{sour}") if File::exist?("#{sour}")Dir.mkdir("#{dest}", 0755) unless File::exist?("#{dest}")FileUtils.cp_r Dir.glob("#6awe2wmou/**"), dest if client.locked?puts "*" * 20puts "/tbackup complete"puts "*" * 20# DB::SYSTEM_COMMAND_COLLECTION# unlock the databasedb["$cmd.sys.unlock"].find_oneclient.close
本文是武林技術(shù)頻道小編和大家分享的Ruby on Rails框架程序連接MongoDB的教程,相信大家都學(xué)習(xí)的差不多了,武林技術(shù)頻道將為大家推出更多的知識(shí),大家可以詳細(xì)查閱。
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