Understanding Looper
Looper是用于給一個(gè)線程添加一個(gè)消息隊(duì)列(MessageQueue),并且循環(huán)等待,當(dāng)有消息時(shí)會(huì)喚起線程來(lái)處理消息的一個(gè)工具,直到線程結(jié)束為止。通常情況下不會(huì)用到Looper,因?yàn)閷?duì)于Activity,Service等系統(tǒng)組件,F(xiàn)rameworks已經(jīng)為我們初始化好了線程(俗稱的UI線程或主線程),在其內(nèi)含有一個(gè)Looper,和由Looper創(chuàng)建的消息隊(duì)列,所以主線程會(huì)一直運(yùn)行,處理用戶事件,直到某些事件(BACK)退出。
如果,我們需要新建一個(gè)線程,并且這個(gè)線程要能夠循環(huán)處理其他線程發(fā)來(lái)的消息事件,或者需要長(zhǎng)期與其他線程進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的交互,這時(shí)就需要用到Looper來(lái)給線程建立消息隊(duì)列。
使用Looper也非常的簡(jiǎn)單,它的方法比較少,最主要的有四個(gè):
public static prepare();
public static myLooper();
public static loop();
public void quit();
使用方法如下:
1. 在每個(gè)線程的run()方法中的最開(kāi)始調(diào)用Looper.prepare(),這是為線程初始化消息隊(duì)列。
2. 之后調(diào)用Looper.myLooper()獲取此Looper對(duì)象的引用。這不是必須的,但是如果你需要保存Looper對(duì)象的話,一定要在prepare()之后,否則調(diào)用在此對(duì)象上的方法不一定有效果,如looper.quit()就不會(huì)退出。
3. 在run()方法中添加Handler來(lái)處理消息
4. 添加Looper.loop()調(diào)用,這是讓線程的消息隊(duì)列開(kāi)始運(yùn)行,可以接收消息了。
5. 在想要退出消息循環(huán)時(shí),調(diào)用Looper.quit()注意,這個(gè)方法是要在對(duì)象上面調(diào)用,很明顯,用對(duì)象的意思就是要退出具體哪個(gè)Looper。如果run()中無(wú)其他操作,線程也將終止運(yùn)行。
下面來(lái)看一個(gè)實(shí)例
實(shí)例
這個(gè)例子實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)執(zhí)行任務(wù)的服務(wù):
public class LooperDemoActivity extends Activity {
private WorkerThread mWorkerThread;
private TextView mStatusLine;
private Handler mMainHandler;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {
super.onCreate(icicle);
setContentView(R.layout.looper_demo_activity);
mMainHandler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
String text = (String) msg.obj;
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(text)) {
return;
}
mStatusLine.setText(text);
}
};
mWorkerThread = new WorkerThread();
final Button action = (Button) findViewById(R.id.looper_demo_action);
action.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
mWorkerThread.executeTask("please do me a favor");
}
});
final Button end = (Button) findViewById(R.id.looper_demo_quit);
end.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
mWorkerThread.exit();
}
});
mStatusLine = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.looper_demo_displayer);
mStatusLine.setText("Press 'do me a favor' to execute a task, press 'end of service' to stop looper thread");
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
mWorkerThread.exit();
mWorkerThread = null;
}
private class WorkerThread extends Thread {
protected static final String TAG = "WorkerThread";
private Handler mHandler;
private Looper mLooper;
public WorkerThread() {
start();
}
public void run() {
// Attention: if you obtain looper before Looper#prepare(), you can still use the looper
// to process message even after you call Looper#quit(), which means the looper does not
//really quit.
Looper.prepare();
// So we should call Looper#myLooper() after Looper#prepare(). Anyway, we should put all stuff between Looper#prepare()
// and Looper#loop().
// In this case, you will receive "Handler{4051e4a0} sending message to a Handler on a dead thread
// 05-09 08:37:52.118: W/MessageQueue(436): java.lang.RuntimeException: Handler{4051e4a0} sending message
// to a Handler on a dead thread", when try to send a message to a looper which Looper#quit() had called,
// because the thread attaching the Looper and Handler dies once Looper#quit() gets called.
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
// either new Handler() and new Handler(mLooper) will work
mHandler = new Handler(mLooper) {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
/*
* Attention: object Message is not reusable, you must obtain a new one for each time you want to use it.
* Otherwise you got "android.util.AndroidRuntimeException: { what=1000 when=-15ms obj=it is my please
* to serve you, please be patient to wait!........ } This message is already in use."
*/
// Message newMsg = Message.obtain();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("it is my please to serve you, please be patient to wait!/n");
Log.e(TAG, "workerthread, it is my please to serve you, please be patient to wait!");
for (int i = 1; i < 100; i++) {
sb.append(".");
Message newMsg = Message.obtain();
newMsg.obj = sb.toString();
mMainHandler.sendMessage(newMsg);
Log.e(TAG, "workthread, working" + sb.toString());
SystemClock.sleep(100);
}
Log.e(TAG, "workerthread, your work is done.");
sb.append("/nyour work is done");
Message newMsg = Message.obtain();
newMsg.obj = sb.toString();
mMainHandler.sendMessage(newMsg);
}
};
Looper.loop();
}
public void exit() {
if (mLooper != null) {
mLooper.quit();
mLooper = null;
}
}
// This method returns immediately, it just push an Message into Thread's MessageQueue.
// You can also call this method continuously, the task will be executed one by one in the
// order of which they are pushed into MessageQueue(they are called).
public void executeTask(String text) {
if (mLooper == null || mHandler == null) {
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.obj = "Sorry man, it is out of service";
mMainHandler.sendMessage(msg);
return;
}
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.obj = text;
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
}
}
這個(gè)實(shí)例中,主線程中執(zhí)行任務(wù)僅是給服務(wù)線程發(fā)一個(gè)消息同時(shí)把相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)傳過(guò)去,數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)打包成消息對(duì)象(Message),然后放到服務(wù)線程的消息隊(duì)列中,主線程的調(diào)用返回,此過(guò)程很快,所以不會(huì)阻塞主線程。服務(wù)線程每當(dāng)有消息進(jìn)入消息隊(duì)列后就會(huì)被喚醒從隊(duì)列中取出消息,然后執(zhí)行任務(wù)。服務(wù)線程可以接收任意數(shù)量的任務(wù),也即主線程可以不停的發(fā)送消息給服務(wù)線程,這些消息都會(huì)被放進(jìn)消息隊(duì)列中,服務(wù)線程會(huì)一個(gè)接著一個(gè)的執(zhí)行它們----直到所有的任務(wù)都完成(消息隊(duì)列為空,已無(wú)其他消息),服務(wù)線程會(huì)再次進(jìn)入休眠狀態(tài)----直到有新的消息到來(lái)。
如果想要終止服務(wù)線程,在mLooper對(duì)象上調(diào)用quit(),就會(huì)退出消息循環(huán),因?yàn)榫€程無(wú)其他操作,所以整個(gè)線程也會(huì)終止。
需要注意的是當(dāng)一個(gè)線程的消息循環(huán)已經(jīng)退出后,不能再給其發(fā)送消息,否則會(huì)有異常拋出"RuntimeException: Handler{4051e4a0} sending message to a Handler on a dead thread"。所以,建議在Looper.prepare()后,調(diào)用Looper.myLooper()來(lái)獲取對(duì)此Looper的引用,一來(lái)是用于終止(quit()必須在對(duì)象上面調(diào)用); 另外就是用于接收消息時(shí)檢查消息循環(huán)是否已經(jīng)退出(如上例)。