前言
oracle/224228.html">oracle/247004.html">控制文件（control file）是一個相當(dāng)小的文件（最多能增長到64M左右），其中包含Oracle需要的其他文件的一個目錄。參數(shù)文件告知實例控制文件的位置，控制文件則告知示例數(shù)據(jù)庫和在線重做日志文件的位置。控制文件還告知了Oracle其他一些事情，如已發(fā)生檢查點的有關(guān)信息、數(shù)據(jù)庫名（必須和db_name參數(shù)匹配）、創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫的時間戳、歸檔重做日志的歷史（有時這會讓控制文件變大）、RMAN信息等。
環(huán)境：OEL 5.7 + Oracle 10.2.0.5
背景：在Oracle的運維過程中，時常會遇到一些場景是需要重建控制文件才可以解決的。本文的場景可以通過復(fù)制控制文件到新路徑，運行一段時間后，再用老的控制文件啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫重現(xiàn)。
1.當(dāng)前故障現(xiàn)象
在使用舊的控制文件啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫時，報錯ORA-01122、ORA-01110、ORA-01207:
SQL> shutdown abortORACLE instance shut down.SQL> startupORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 599785472 bytesFixed Size 2098112 bytesVariable Size 218106944 bytesDatabase Buffers 373293056 bytesRedo Buffers 6287360 bytesDatabase mounted.ORA-01122: database file 1 failed verification checkORA-01110: data file 1: '/oradata/cxywdb/system01.dbf'ORA-01207: file is more recent than control file - old control file
2.分析故障原因
根據(jù)報錯信息查找MOS文檔:
ORA-1122, ORA-1110, ORA-1207 while open the database after crash (文檔 ID 283927.1)
延伸思考一下，為什么會這樣？
主要錯誤是ORA-01207，利用oerr工具看到Oralce對這個錯誤的詳細(xì)描述是：
01207, 00000, "file is more recent than control file - old control file"
// *Cause: The control file change sequence number in the data file is
// greater than the number in the control file. This implies that
// the wrong control file is being used. Note that repeatedly causing
// this error can make it stop happening without correcting the real
// problem. Every attempt to open the database will advance the
// control file change sequence number until it is great enough.
// *Action: Use the current control file or do backup control file recovery to
// make the control file current. Be sure to follow all restrictions
// on doing a backup control file recovery.
一般遇到這種情況，當(dāng)前的控制文件肯定是找不到了。那么就得考慮重建控制文件來解決，MOS給出的建議也是重建控制文件。
3.重建控制文件
重建控制文件的核心步驟：
3.1 備份控制文件到trace
startup mountalter database backup controlfile to trace;oradebug setmypidoradebug tracefile_name
3.2 啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫到nomount狀態(tài)
shutdown abortstartup nomount;
3.3 確認(rèn)重建控制文件的語句
vi control.sqlCREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "CXYWDB" NORESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG MAXLOGFILES 16 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3 MAXDATAFILES 100 MAXINSTANCES 8 MAXLOGHISTORY 292LOGFILE GROUP 5 '/oradata2/cxywdb/redo11.log' SIZE 50M, GROUP 6 '/oradata2/cxywdb/redo12.log' SIZE 50M, GROUP 7 '/oradata2/cxywdb/redo13.log' SIZE 50M-- STANDBY LOGFILEDATAFILE '/oradata/cxywdb/system01.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/undotbs01.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/sysaux01.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/users01.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred01.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred02.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred03.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred04.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred05.dbf', '/oradata/cxywdb/dbs_i_alfred01.dbf'CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;
3.4 恢復(fù)并打開數(shù)據(jù)庫
SQL> recover database;Media recovery complete.SQL> alter database open;Database altered.
附：實際解決過程如下：
SQL> shutdown abort ORACLE instance shut down.SQL> startup mountORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 599785472 bytesFixed Size 2098112 bytesVariable Size 218106944 bytesDatabase Buffers 373293056 bytesRedo Buffers 6287360 bytesDatabase mounted.SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;Database altered.SQL> oradebug setmypidStatement processed.SQL> oradebug tracefile_name/s01/oracle/admin/cxywdb/udump/cxywdb_ora_3983.trcSQL> shutdown abortORACLE instance shut down.SQL> startup nomount;ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 599785472 bytesFixed Size 2098112 bytesVariable Size 218106944 bytesDatabase Buffers 373293056 bytesRedo Buffers 6287360 bytesSQL> @controlControl file created.SQL> select status from v$instance;STATUS------------MOUNTEDSQL> recover database;Media recovery complete.SQL> alter database open;Database altered.
總結(jié)
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